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Gallbladder agenesis

Dr Rohit Sharma and Dr Prashant Mudgal et al.

Agenesis of the gallbladder describes the rare congenital absence of the gallbladder.

On this page:

Article:

Epidemiology
Clinical presentation
Pathology
Treatment and prognosis
Related articles
References

Epidemiology

overall incidence is estimated <0.1% (range 0.04-0.1%)
gender:
- reported 3:1 female predominance of symptomatic cases
- equivalent gender distribution in autopsy cases

Clinical presentation

Most patients with agenesis of the gallbladder are asymptomatic. Although some patients may present with signs and symptoms of gallbladder disease and ultrasound may suggest findings consistent with chronic cholecystitis (shrunken gallbladder). Jaundice may be present with a dilated common bile duct. There is a high incidence of choledocholithiasis.

Pathology

The exact etiology is unknown, however it is thought to result either from failure of the cystic bud to form or from lack of vacuolation. Several cases of familial gallbladder agenesis have also been reported, suggesting a hereditary basis of the anomaly.

Associations

Gallbladder agenesis is associated with several other anomalies:

Klippel Feil syndrome
malrotation of the gut
horseshoe kidney
aberrant left pulmonary artery
anterior abdominal wall defects
heterotaxy syndrome
- polysplenia syndrome
- asplenia syndrome
rectovaginal fistula ³

Treatment and prognosis

No treatment is needed if asymptomatic. However, patients symptomatic of biliary disease can be prescribed smooth muscle relaxants. Sphincterotomy can be performed if conservative treatment is ineffective ⁴.

References

Anatomy: Abdominopelvic

skeleton of the abdomen and pelvis
muscles of the abdomen and pelvis
spaces of the abdomen and pelvis
- anterior abdominal wall
  - sternocostal triangle
- posterior abdominal wall
- abdominal cavity
  - peritoneum
  - retroperitoneum
- pelvic cavity
  - pelvic peritoneal space
    - rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
    - rectovesical pouch
  - retropubic space (of Retzius)
  - paravesical space
    - lateral fossa
    - supravesical fossa
  - presacral space
  - canal of Nuck
  - pudendal canal
  - obturator canal
- perineum
abdominal and pelvic viscera
blood supply of the abdomen and pelvis
lymphatics
- lymph node groups
- cisterna chyli
innervation of the abdomen and pelvis
- lumbar plexus
- sacral plexus

Article information

rID: 27544

System: Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary

Section: Anatomy

Tag: pm, variant, gallbladder, refs, cases

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Absent gallbladder

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