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Talus

Dr Maciej Debowski and Dr Matt A. Morgan ◉ et al.

The talus is a tarsal bone in the hindfoot that articulates with the tibia, fibula, calcaneus, and navicular bones. It has no muscular attachments and around 60% of its surface is covered by articular cartilage.

On this page:

Article:

Gross anatomy
Blood supply
Innervation
Variant anatomy
Related pathology
Related articles
References

Images:

Cases and figures

Gross anatomy

The talus has been described as having three main components: head, a neck, and a body.

The talar body has a curved smooth trochlear surface also termed the talar dome, which is covered with cartilage. Other parts of the talar body include the central portion, the posterior process and the lateral process.

The talar head is the part that articulates with the navicular bone. The talar head and body are connected by the talar neck, which is inclined downwards distally and medially.

The medial surface of the talar neck has a sulcus, the sulcus tali, that forms the tarsal sinus with the calcaneal sulcus of the calcaneum.

Articulations

talar body
- tibia, fibula and calcaneus
- lateral surface: lateral malleolus of the distal fibula
- talar dome: distal tibia
talar head: navicular bone

Attachments

Musculotendinous

No muscles originate or insert on the talus.

Ligamentous

anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
talocalcaneal ligaments
tarsal sinus ligaments
- cervical ligament
- talocalcaneal interosseous ligament
deltoid ligament
- anterior tibiotalar ligament
- posterior superficial tibiotalar ligament
- posterior deep tibiotalar ligament
dorsal talonavicular ligament

Blood supply

The vascular supply to the talus is considered tenuous due to the lack of muscular attachment to the bone ¹.

Innervation

Variant anatomy

talocalcaneal coalition
the posterior process of the talus may not be fused to the central portion of the body, resulting in an os trigonum
congenital vertical talus ³

Related pathology

Quiz questions

References

Anatomy: Lower limb

skeleton of the lower limb
joints
- hip joint
  - ligaments
  - additional structures
  - ossification centers
- knee joint
- tibiofibular joints
  - proximal tibiofibular joint
  - distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
- ankle joint
  - regional anatomy
    - medial ankle
    - lateral ankle
    - anterior ankle
  - ligaments
    - medial collateral (deltoid) ligament
    - lateral collateral ligament
    - additional structures
    - ankle bursae
      - retrocalcaneal bursa
      - subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
    - ossification centers of the ankle
  - variants
    - ball and socket ankle joint
- foot joints
  - subtalar joint
    - articulations
      - talocalcaneal joint
    - ligaments
    - associated structures
  - mid-tarsal (Chopart) joint
    - talonavicular joint
    - calcaneocuboid joint
  - tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joint
    - ligaments
      - Lisfranc ligament
  - intermetatarsal joint
  - metatarsophalangeal joint
  - interphalangeal joint
spaces of the lower limb
- adductor canal
- femoral sheath
  - femoral canal
    - femoral ring
- femoral triangle (contents mnemonic | boundaries mnemonic)
- foot subdivisions
- popliteal fossa (mnemonic)
- tarsal tunnel (mnemonic)
- triangular space of cruciate ligaments
muscles of the lower limb
- muscles of the pelvic group
  - inner hip group
    - iliopsoas muscle
  - gluteal region
    - gluteal muscles
    - tensor fasciae latae muscle
  - lateral rotator group
- muscles of the thigh
- muscles of the leg
  - anterior compartment of the leg
  - posterior compartments of the leg
    - superficial posterior compartment of the leg (calf)
      - triceps surae
        
        medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
        
        soleus muscle
        accessory soleus muscle
      - plantaris muscle
      - calcaneal tendon
    - deep posterior compartment of the leg
  - lateral compartment of the leg
    - peroneus brevis muscle
    - peroneus longus muscle
- muscles of the foot
  - dorsal muscles
    - extensor hallucis brevis muscle
    - extensor digitorum brevis muscle
  - plantar muscles
    - 1st layer
    - 2nd layer
      - quadratus plantae muscle
      - lumbrical muscles
    - 3rd layer
    - 4th layer
      - dorsal interossei muscles
      - plantar interossei muscles
- accessory muscles
  - accessory peroneal muscles
vascular supply
- arterial supply of the lower limb
- venous drainage of the lower limb
  - deep system
    - common femoral vein
      - femoral vein
        
        deep femoral vein
        
        popliteal vein
        
        peroneal vein
        
        posterior tibial vein
        
        anterior tibial vein
  - superficial system
    - great saphenous vein
      - dorsal venous plexus
    - small saphenous vein
      - vein of Giacomini
innervation of the lower limb
- lumbar plexus (mnemonic)
  - femoral nerve
    - saphenous nerve
  - obturator nerve
- sacral plexus
  - sciatic nerve (motor distribution)
    - common peroneal nerve
      - superficial peroneal nerve
      - deep peroneal nerve
    - tibial nerve
lymphatics

Article information

rID: 31902

System: Musculoskeletal

Section: Anatomy

Tag: anatomy

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Astragalus

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Cases and figures

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